Molecular Phenotyping of Primitive Lung Cancer and Metastatic Site

Inclusion Criteria: * patients aged ≥18 years fit enough to tolerate the surgical operation; * the operative risk is considered low based on respiratory reserve and cardiac assessment; * the patient has clearly expressed willingness to adhere; * availability of pathological material for tumor DNA extraction and NGS execution. Exclusion Criteria: * Women of childbearing age, pregnant or breastfeeding, or intending to become pregnant during the study. * Any other illness, metabolic disorder, physical examination, or laboratory findings that constitute a contraindication to study participation. * Recent or ongoing severe or clinically significant infection.