Immunomodulatory Therapy and Predictors of Clinical Cure in Chronic Hepatitis B

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18 to 60 years (inclusive). 2. Documented HBsAg and/or HBV DNA positivity for over 6 months. 3. Achieved HBsAg seroclearance (\<0.05 IU/mL) following a PegIFNα-based treatment regimen. 4. HBeAg negative and HBV DNA \<10 IU/mL. 5. Good compliance and willingness to voluntarily sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Current decompensated cirrhosis or a history of decompensated cirrhosis. 2. Individuals with spontaneous or Nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBsAg seroclearance. 3. Coinfection with other viruses, such as hepatitis A, C, D, E viruses, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 4. Severe concurrent physical or mental illnesses other than hepatitis B, including uncontrolled primary renal, cardiac, pulmonary, vascular, neurological, digestive, or severe metabolic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, severe diabetic complications, adrenal disorders), immunodeficiency diseases, or severe infections; active or suspected malignancy, or a history of malignancy. 5. Use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or chemotherapeutic agents within the 6 months prior to enrollment or at present. 6. Concurrent other liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease or autoimmune liver disease. 7. Body Mass Index (BMI) \> 28 kg/m². 8. Any other condition considered by the investigator to potentially compromise patient compliance or otherwise make the patient unsuitable for participation in the study.