Identifying Biomarkers in ALS Patients Using Neuronal Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Inclusion Criteria: For patients : Age ≥ 18 years. Diagnostic suspicion of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Planned inpatient admission in the HFAR neurology department for the standard diagnostic work-up as part of routine care: clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, nerve conduction studies/EMG, motor evoked potentials (TMS/MEP), brain and spinal MRI, pulmonary function testing, lumbar puncture, and standard blood tests. Explicit written informed consent to participate in the study. Affiliation with or beneficiary of a social security system. Non-inclusion criteria: Patient under legal protection/guardianship. Pregnant or breastfeeding woman. Active infection within the 4 weeks preceding biological sampling. Ongoing diagnosis and management of cancer. Secondary exclusion criterion: ALS diagnosis not confirmed. For Healthy Controls : Age ≥ 18 years. Explicit written informed consent to participate in the study. Affiliation with or beneficiary of a social security system. Exclusion Criteria: * Patient under legal protection/guardianship. * Pregnant or breastfeeding woman. * Diagnosed neurological disease. * Self-reported cognitive impairment. * Active infection within the 4 weeks prior to biological sampling. * Current diagnosis and management of cancer.