📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion Criteria:
* Voluntary signing of Informed Consent Form (ICF): I fully understand and am informed of this study, and I have signed the Informed Consent Form, expressing my willingness to follow and complete all research procedures;
* When signing the ICF, the age should be between 18 and 65 years old (inclusive), with no gender restrictions;
* No systemic active infection (such as infectious pneumonia, tuberculosis) within 2 weeks before screening;
* Females with fertility (defined as all females who are physiologically capable of becoming pregnant) must agree to use highly effective contraception from at least 28 days before the start of self-cleaning to 1 year after CT1195E infusion, and absolutely prohibit egg donation within 1 year after receiving study treatment during the study period. Their male partners with fertility must agree to use effective barrier contraception from the start of self-cleaning to 1 year after CT1195E infusion, and should not donate semen or sperm during the entire study period;
* Females with fertility must have a negative serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) test result at screening and within 48 hours prior to the initiation of chemotherapy.
* Meet the EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE, with a disease history of ≥6 months;
* Prior to screening, patients must have received treatment with glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants (including cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, methotrexate, cyclosporine, leflunomide) and/or biologics for ≥3 months, with a stable dosage for ≥2 weeks, and the disease must still be in an active state. During screening, oral steroids must meet the following requirements:
If treated with hormone therapy alone, prednisone (or equivalent medication) should be ≥7.5 mg/day; When used in combination with immunosuppressants and/or biologics, there is no minimum daily dosage requirement for steroids;
* During screening, positive for antinuclear antibody, and/or positive for anti-ds-DNA antibody, and/or positive for anti-Smith antibody;
* During the screening period, patients with a SLEDAI-2K score of ≥7, or those with concurrent significant organ dysfunction, such as severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, lupus nephritis (histologically diagnosed as active nephritis type III or IV with or without type V);
* During screening, involvement of active organs (including kidneys, heart and lungs, musculoskeletal system, blood system, blood vessels, etc.; involvement of skin and mucous membranes alone is not included) is present;
* Adequate organ function:
1. Renal function: defined as creatinine clearance rate (Cockcroft-Gault) calculated without hydration assistance ≥ 50 mL/min;
2. Bone marrow function: defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.0×10\^9/L and hemoglobin (Hb) ≥60 g/L. During the 7 days prior to screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, blood transfusions and growth factors must not be used to meet these requirements;
3. Liver function: defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≤2× upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin levels ≤2× upper limit of normal (ULN)
4. Coagulation function: defined as an international normalized ratio (INR) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤1.5×ULN;
5. Lung function: When exposed to indoor air, the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is ≥92% (measured by a pulse oximeter);
6. Cardiac function: defined as having a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50% as assessed by echocardiography (ECHO) within the 8 weeks prior to screening.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Those who have suffered from severe lupus nephritis within the previous 2 months and require hemodialysis, or have received prednisone ≥100 mg/d or equivalent hormone treatment for ≥14 days;
* Those who have undergone plasma exchange, plasma separation, hemodialysis within the previous 30 days, or those who have suffered from lupus crisis within the previous 30 days;
* Screen for individuals with a history of ≥ Grade 2 bleeding within the previous 30 days or those requiring long-term anticoagulant therapy;
* History of any of the following cardiovascular diseases within 30 days prior to screening: heart failure of NYHA class III or IV, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, uncontrolled or symptomatic atrial arrhythmias, any ventricular arrhythmias, or other clinically significant heart diseases;
* Before screening, there were manifestations of the central nervous system caused by lupus, including but not limited to lupus headache, seizures, cognitive impairment, impaired intellectual function, and visual impairment;
* Individuals with central nervous system diseases prior to screening include, but are not limited to: cerebrovascular accident, encephalitis, epilepsy, convulsion/seizure, stroke, severe brain injury, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cerebellar disease, central nervous system vasculitis, cognitive dysfunction, brain organic syndrome, or psychosis;
* Screen for the absence of systemic active infections within the previous 2 weeks, including but not limited to active tuberculosis;
* Previous exposure to CAR-T cell therapy or other gene-modified T cell therapies, or a history of major organ transplantation (such as heart, lung, kidney, liver) or hematopoietic stem cell/bone marrow transplantation;
* Allergic or intolerant to diuretics, tocilizumab, or experiencing life-threatening allergic reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, or intolerance to CT1195E formulation or its excipients (including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), or having a history of other severe allergies such as anaphylactic shock;
* Screen for individuals who have used targeted B-cell drugs such as rituximab within the previous 3 months;
* Exclusion criteria: Subjects who have used other biologics such as TACI-Ig and Benlysta within the previous 12 weeks;
* Within 2 weeks prior to the infusion of CT1195E, the use of prednisone
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