Pre-operative Risk Assessment Combined With Targeted Intervention in the Chinese Elderly With Spine Surgery II

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged ≥75 years at the time of screening 2. Voluntarily sign the informed consent form 3. Clinically diagnosed with degenerative lumbar spinal disorders with duration of symptoms \>6 months 4. Requiring elective lumbar fusion surgery (single-level or multi-level, open or minimally invasive approach) 5. No severe cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score \> 9) 6. Scheduled to undergo surgery within 6-8 weeks after screening (allowing completion of the 6-week prehabilitation program) Exclusion Criteria: 1. Scheduled to undergo other emergency surgery or day surgery 2. Urgent medical conditions requiring priority management before spinal surgery 3. With spinal disorders other than degenerative diseases (spinal fracture, tumor, metastasis, infection, ankylosing spondylitis, scoliosis with Cobb angle \>40°) 4. With contraindications to prehabilitation exercise (New York Heart Association Class IV heart failure, unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension \[systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg despite medication\]) 5. With severe functional disability for other disorders or long-term bedridden status unable to perform basic physical activities 6. With allergy or intolerance to nutritional supplements used in the prehabilitation program 7. Participating in another clinical trial involving prehabilitation, perioperative intervention, or spinal surgery within 3 months before screening