Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Median Nerve Stimulation for Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18-64 years. 2. Admitted within 3 days post-injury with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9-12 at admission, accompanied by imaging abnormalities. 3. Presence of cognitive dysfunction assessed within 1-week after injury, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤26. 4. Pre-injury Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score = 0 as reported by family members. 5. With a pre-injury education of ≥6 years, able to comprehend instructions and cooperate in completing scale assessments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) examinations. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Requirement for emergent neurosurgical intervention during treatment including surgery, intracranial pressure monitoring device placement, or drainage catheter insertion. 2. Unstable vital signs or hemodynamics, or presence of unstable cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, or hematopoietic system disorders. 3. Pre-existing central nervous system conditions causing cognitive decline: traumatic brain injury, intracranial infection, brain tumor, epilepsy, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, carbon monoxide poisoning, and alcohol abuse. 4. Inability to complete assessments or examinations due to severe visual or auditory impairment, severe psychiatric or behavioral disorders, MRI contraindications, and MEG intolerance. 5. Short life expectancy due to critical illnesses. 6. Right forearm with extensive skin lesions or scars, right median nerve injury, brachial plexus injury, cervical spinal cord injury, or intolerance to MNS. 7. Pregnant or lactating women. 8. Participation in other ongoing clinical trials.