A Sitting Tai Chi Programme for Chronic Stroke Survivors With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment

Inclusion Criteria for stroke patients: \- Individuals who meet the following criteria will be recruited: i. aged 18 years or above; ii. have been admitted to a hospital with a clinical diagnosis of first or recurrent ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and meet the diagnostic criteria of PSCI (classified according to DSM-5 criteria); iii. in the chronic stage of stroke; iv. MoCA score: 19-25 (two points are added if the individual has ≤ 6 years of education; one point is added if the individual has \> 6 and ≤ 12 years of education, no points are added for the individual with \> 12 years of education); v. be able to sit independently with or without sitters; vi. be able to use and raise at least one arm while sitting (upper extremity muscle strength ≥ Ⅲ); vii. have a primary caregiver (a paid or unpaid person who provides most assistance to the stroke survivor); viii. be able to communicate in Chinese and provide informed consent; ix. is currently hospitalised in this geriatric rehabilitation ward and unlikely to be discharged within 3 months. Exclusion Criteria for stroke patients: * Individuals will be excluded if other causes of cognitive impairment are present, such as Alzheimer's disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score \>16, severe hearing or visual impairment, severe complications following a stroke (e.g., limited comprehension and receptive aphasia, venous thrombosis), a history of severe medical conditions or current serious illnesses (e.g. myocardial infarction, use of a cardiac pacemaker or a defibrillator, organ failure, malignancy, mental diseases, other neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, having received thrombolytic therapy or surgery, joint replacement surgeries or fractures within the past six months), pregnant or lactating women; prior regular (at least three times/week) Tai Chi practice or other mind-body exercises (e.g., Yoga, Qigong, Ba Duanjin, or mindfulness training) within the past six months; and those participating in other clinical trials that might influence this study. Inclusion criteria for caregivers: i. age ≥ 18 years; ii. be able to communicate in Chinese and provide informed consent; iii. medically stable and physically able to provide support. Exclusion criteria for caregivers: i. impaired cognitive functions (Abbreviated Mental Test, AMT ≤ 7); ii. being a medical resident/trainee or a physical therapist; iii. having prior regular (at least three times/week) Tai Chi practice or other mind-body exercises (e.g., Yoga, Qigong, Ba Duanjin, or mindfulness training) within the past six months; iv. participating in other clinical trials that might influence affect this study.