Effects of Physical Exercise Combined With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, established according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria. Ability to understand and comply with study procedures. Stable antiparkinsonian medication regimen prior to study participation. Exclusion Criteria: Significant cognitive impairment, defined as a score \< 23 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Below-average premorbid intelligence, defined as a score \< 40 on the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III). Clinically significant depression, defined as a score \> 10 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Current treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. Presence of severe cardiovascular disease, including but not limited to: Congestive heart failure Ischemic heart disease Cardiac pacemaker Orthostatic hypotension Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. History of stroke or traumatic brain injury. History of seizure disorder or epilepsy. Presence or prior implantation of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) device. History of major orthopedic surgery that could interfere with motor performance or gait. Presence of implanted electronic devices, including cardiac pacemakers, incompatible with study procedures.