ASO Treatment for Syndromic Craniosynostoses

Syndromic craniosynostoses (SCS) are rare genetic disorders defined by premature cranial suture fusion, resulting in abnormal craniofacial development and constrained brain growth. These conditions, including Muenke, Saethre-Chotzen, Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer and craniofrontonasal syndromes, are typically caused by gain- or loss-of-function variants in key regulators of suture biology such as FGFR1/2/3, TWIST1 and TCF12. Current management is exclusively surgical, relying on early cranial vault remodelling and subsequent reconstructive procedures, which carry substantial risks (e.g. blood loss, infection, re-synostosis) and do not address the underlying molecular etiology. Recent advances in RNA-based therapeutics have demonstrated the potential of mutation-specific approaches to normalize aberrant osteogenic differentiation in patient-derived cells. However, clinical translation remains