Efficacy of Thermal Ablation Combined With Antithyroid Drugs in the Treatment of Primary Hyperthyroidism

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients diagnosed with primary hyperthyroidism based on clinical manifestations and laboratory findings; * Patients whose basal metabolic rate (BMR) remains within ±20% of the normal reference range, and whose resting heart rate is controlled at ≤90 beats/min; * Patients with inadequate response to standard antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, those experiencing severe adverse reactions to ATDs, those unsuitable for or unresponsive to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, or those who decline conventional surgical resection and wish to undergo ablation combined with medication to shorten the treatment course and achieve rapid improvement of hyperthyroid symptoms, including patients with mild, moderate, or severe disease; * Patients with concomitant moderate-to-severe Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO); * Patients with a safe needle trajectory for ablation access; * Patients who are able to understand the purpose of the study, voluntarily participate, and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Severe coagulopathy; * Poor general condition, such as concomitant severe cardiac, hepatic, renal, or other major organ dysfunction; * Substernal goiter or a thyroid gland largely located in the retrosternal space (relative contraindication; staged treatment may be considered); * Patients with malignant exophthalmos in whom the condition may worsen post-procedure; * Patients with significant tracheal compression requiring urgent decompression; * Unilateral vocal cord dysfunction confirmed by laryngoscopy; * Women in the first or third trimester of pregnancy, lactating women, or those planning pregnancy in the near future.