A Research Study Investigating the Effect of NNC0497-0040 in Healthy Participants, Participants With Overweight or Obesity, and Participants With Type 1 Diabetes With Overweight or Obesity

For SAD cohorts Inclusion Criteria: * Female of non-childbearing potential or male aged 18-55 years (both inclusive) at screening. * Body mass index between 18.5 kilogram per m\^2 and 29.9 kilogram per m\^2 (both inclusive) at screening. * Considered to be generally healthy based on the medical history, physical examination, and the results of vital signs, electrocardiogram and clinical laboratory tests performed during the screening visit, as judged by the investigator. Exclusion Criteria: * Any disorder, unwillingness or inability which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardise participant's safety or compliance with the protocol. * Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) above or equal to 6.5 percentage (48 millimoles per mole) at screening. * Unwilling or unable to refrain from use of prescription medicinal products or non-prescription drugs, including use of herbal products and non-routine vitamins, within 14 days prior to the first day of dosing. Occasional use of paracetamol and ibuprofen to treat acute pain is permitted until 24 hours prior to dosing. For MAD1-3 cohorts Inclusion Criteria: * Female of non-childbearing potential or male aged 18-55 years (both inclusive) at screening. * Body mass index between 27.0 kilogram per m\^2 and 39.9 kilogram per m\^2 (both inclusive) at screening. Overweight should be due to excess adipose tissue, as judged by the investigator. * Considered eligible based on the medical history, physical examination, and the results of vital signs, electrocardiogram and clinical laboratory tests performed during the screening visit, as judged by the investigator. Exclusion Criteria: * Any disorder, unwillingness or inability which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardise participant's safety or compliance with the protocol. * Presence or history of any clinically relevant respiratory, metabolic, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or endocrinological conditions. * HbA1c above or equal to 6.5 percentage (48 millimoles per mole) at screening. * Unwilling or unable to refrain from use of prescription medicinal products or non-prescription drugs, including use of herbal products and non-routine vitamins, within 14 days prior to the first day of dosing. Occasional use of paracetamol and ibuprofen to treat acute pain is permitted until 24 hours prior to dosing. For MAD4 cohorts Inclusion Criteria: * Male aged 18-55 years (both inclusive) at screening. * Body mass index between 27.0 kilogram per m\^2 and 34.9 kilogram per m\^2 (both inclusive) at screening. Overweight should be due to excess adipose tissue, as judged by the investigator. * Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus above or equal to 1 year before screening. * Treated with multiple daily insulin injections (daily basal insulin analogue and bolus insulin analogue regimen) more than 90 days prior to the day of screening. * Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device more than 90 consecutive days prior to the day of screening. * HbA1c in the range of 7.2percentage - 9.5percentage (both inclusive). Exclusion Criteria: * Any disorder, unwillingness or inability, except for mild conditions under stable treatment associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardise participant's safety or compliance with the protocol. * Presence or history of any clinically relevant respiratory, metabolic, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, endocrinological conditions (except conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity). * Use of any medication for the indication of diabetes or obesity other than stated in the inclusion criteria within 90 days before screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. * Current treatment with systemically effective corticosteroids, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, systemic non-selective beta-blockers or growth hormone. * Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medications (for more than 14 consecutive days) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g., treatment with orlistat, thyroid hormones, or corticosteroids). * Unwilling or unable to refrain from use of prescription medicinal products or non-prescription drugs, including use of herbal products and non-routine vitamins, within 14 days prior to the first day of dosing. Occasional use of paracetamol and ibuprofen to treat acute pain is permitted until 24 hours prior to dosing.