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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage and bone degeneration, synovial inflammation, and structural changes. Clinically, it presents with pain, morning stiffness, swelling, crepitus, and limited range of motion, leading to functional impairment, gait abnormalities, and reduced quality of life. Globally, KOA affects \~302 million people. In Saudi Arabia, prevalence rises from 30.8% (ages 46-55) to \>60% (ages 66-75), with higher rates in older, female, and obese individuals. Key risk factors include aging, female sex, obesity, prior knee injury, and genetics. The condition imposes significant health burdens and socioeconomic costs. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) identifies KOA as a major cause of physical disability. Pain, restricted motion, and muscle weakness drive quality-
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