Treatment of Post-Stroke Central Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria * Clear history of stroke confirmed by cranial CT or MRI * Pain occurring after stroke and distributed in body parts corresponding to central nervous system injury * Pain with neuropathic characteristics (e.g., burning sensation, electric shock sensation, needle prick sensation) * Pain not explained by other causes * Age ≥ 18 years * Pain duration ≥ 3 months * Baseline pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score ≥ 4 points * Complete clinical data with follow-up time ≥ 6 months Exclusion Criteria: * History of chronic pain before stroke * Severe cognitive impairment that prevents cooperation with pain assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE \< 15 points) * Contraindications to spinal cord stimulation (SCS), such as coagulation disorders, active infections, or mental diseases that prevent cooperation * Malignant tumors or other severe organic diseases with expected survival \< 1 year