Dual Tasking Training to Enhance Self-Efficacy in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and cognitive impairments that substantially reduce functional independence, social participation, and quality of life. A key psychosocial factor affected by these impairments is self-efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform tasks and achieve personal goals. In people with PD, reduced self-efficacy is closely associated with motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, fear of falling, depressive symptoms, and decreased motivation for physical and social activities. These factors interact in a bidirectional manner, creating a negative cycle in which poor confidence limits participation, further accelerating functional deterioration. From a neurophysiological perspective, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD disrupts the automatic control of movement. As a conseq