Dietary Quality and Nutritional Adequacy Among Vegetarians Attending the European Institute of Oncology

Inclusion Criteria: * pre or post-menopausal women, aged between 18 and 64; * healthy participants or high-risk cancer patients or patients with previous diagnosis of neoplasia * self-identifying as vegan (defined as excluding all animal products), or vegetarian (defined as excluding all animal products besides eggs and/or dairy) or semi-vegetarian (defined as excluding no animal products but limiting meat to \< 1× per week); * ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document; Exclusion Criteria: * any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, may impede testing of the study hypothesis or make it unsafe to engage in the study (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease etc.); * any diagnosis of invasive neoplasia, within the previous 1 years, except non-melanoma skin cancer; * currently receiving chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy as cancer treatment; * patients dependent on enteral or parental nutrition; * pregnancy or lactation;