Muscle Thickness, Trunk Proprioception, and Postural Stability in Rotator Cuff Pathology

Inclusion Criteria: Rotator Cuff Pathology Group * Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent * Aged 18 years or older * Unilateral shoulder pain lasting for at least 3 months * Right-hand dominance * Diagnosis of rotator cuff pathology Healthy Control Group * Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent * Aged 18 years or older * Right-hand dominance * No current shoulder pain Exclusion Criteria: * Unwilling or unable to provide written informed consent * Younger than 18 years * History of a chronic orthopedic or neurological condition that may affect shoulder, abdominal, or periscapular muscle function * History of injury or surgery involving the abdominal region * Bilateral shoulder pain or bilateral shoulder pathology * Chronic low back pain * Recent history of lumbar spine injury or surgery * Presence of a comorbid condition that may cause balance impairment * History of neuromuscular disease * History of malignancy * Pregnancy * Receipt of physical therapy or rehabilitation for the shoulder region within the previous 6 months