Presurgical Illustration and Psychological Stress in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I), * Patients demanding extraction of their mandibular third molar, * Mandibular third molars requiring flap raising, bone removal, coronal and radicular sectioning (Modified Parant Scale Class IV), * Patients accepting their saliva sampling prior to and after surgery. Exclusion Criteria: * Acutely painful mandibular third molars on clinical examination, * Pericoronal and/or active periapical and/or active periodontal pathologies on clinical and radiographic examinations, * Patients using steroids, * Psychiatric patients, * Smokers, * Pregnant patients, and/or those observing their menstruation, * Patients with conditions of altered cortisol secretion (such as Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia), * Patients with altered secretion of saliva (such as due to using atropine, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants, antihistamines, Sjogren's syndrome, and radiotherapy). * Patients who are overtly anxious about dental treatment (scoring \>19 on the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale).