Molecular-based Optimization of Pathogen Identification in Sepsis Patients in the Indonesian National Referral Hospital

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Sepsis or septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria, defined as suspected or confirmed infection with acute organ dysfunction (SOFA score increase ≥2 points from baseline) within 24 hours of inclusion. * Hospitalized at RSCM and undergoing microbiological testing, including blood culture as part of standard care. * At least one risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens according to the 2026 Surviving Sepsis Campaign, including: * Previous colonization or infection with a relevant MDR pathogen. * Prolonged exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. * Prolonged hospitalization in a setting with a high prevalence of MDR pathogens, such as the ICU or a ward with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. * Written informed consent from the patient or legal representative, where applicable for prospective enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to provide specimens according to the study protocol. * Received intravenous antimicrobial regimen for more than 24 hours prior to study enrollment, with the regimen continued as empirical therapy for the current sepsis diagnosis. * Opt out of best treatment according to medical advice. Dropout criteria: \- Discharge from the hospital or death within 24 hours after blood collection.