Patient Selection and Long-Term Outcomes of Pace & Ablate Strategy in Atrial Fibrillation

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older at the time of atrioventricular node ablation * Atrial fibrillation, undergoing atrioventricular node ablation with a permanent cardiac implantable electronic device already in situ or implanted as part of the pace-and-ablate strategy * Availability of baseline echocardiographic data, including left ventricular ejection fraction Exclusion Criteria: \* Documented refusal of the further use of health-related data Note: cardiac resynchronisation therapy or conduction system pacing at baseline is not an eligibility exclusion. Such patients are included in the cohort and in the procedural and health-economic analyses, but are excluded from the validation of the pacing-induced cardiomyopathy risk model, in which a decline in left ventricular function would represent non-response to resynchronisation. No lower limit of baseline ejection fraction is applied.