💬In plain words
What the trial is, and whether it could suit you
This randomized controlled crossover study will examine the acute effects of pistachio consumption on postprandial metabolic responses in adults with overweight or obesity. Participants will complete two experimental conditions in randomized order. In one condition, participants will consume 30 g of pistachios with a standardized meal, and in the other condition they will receive an isocaloric refined-carbohydrate control condition with the standardized meal.
The study will evaluate postprandial insulin and glucose responses over approximately 3 hours after meal consumption. Additional outcomes will include continuous glucose monitoring measures, blood lipid responses, appetite and satiety ratings, and exploratory measures related to insulin sensitivity and gastrointestinal hormone responses. The study is designed to determine whether pistachio consumption alters acute metabolic respons
Sign in to get the eligibility rules as simple questions to take to your doctor.
📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age 18-35 years, male or female, and able to provide informed consent.
* BMI ≥25.0 kg/m². Waist circumference and BIA-derived body composition will also be assessed during screening and considered with BMI to help confirm that elevated BMI reflects excess adiposity rather than primarily high muscularity.
* Weight stable, defined as no intentional weight loss or body weight change \>3 kg during the previous 3 months.
* Generally healthy and not currently taking medications known to substantially affect glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, appetite, or body weight. Stable thyroid hormone replacement for a well-controlled thyroid condition is not automatically exclusionary.
* Able to complete a 10-12-hour overnight fast and refrain from vigorous exercise and alcohol for 24 hours before each test meal visit.
* Able and willing to consume pistachios, the refined-carbohydrate control food, and the standardized breakfast meal.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Individuals with known prediabetes will not be excluded.
* Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, including prior myocardial infarction or stroke, uncontrolled hypertension, clinically significant arrhythmia, or another cardiovascular condition that could make participation unsafe or meaningfully affect study outcomes.
* Chronic kidney disease or another major medical condition that could make participation unsafe or meaningfully affect metabolic outcomes.
* Current participation in a weight-loss program, use of weight-loss medications, or history of bariatric surgery within the past year.
* Known allergy or intolerance to pistachios, tree nuts, peanuts/peanut butter, wheat/gluten, orange juice/citrus, or any other study-meal ingredient.
* Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or another clinically significant gastrointestinal or malabsorption condition that could affect digestion, nutrient absorption, or metabolic responses.
* Current ketogenic, very-low-carbohydrate, or medically prescribed diet that could meaningfully interfere with the standardized feeding protocol or metabolic outcomes.
* Participation in another clinical research trial within the past 3 months that could affect participant safety or study outcomes.
* Recent significant illness, infection, or surgery within the past 4 weeks that could affect participant safety or study outcomes.
* Current or prior clinically significant eating disorder that, in the investigator's judgment, could make participation unsafe or interfere with the feeding protocol.
* Current smoking, frequent nicotine use, or excessive alcohol use.
* Pregnancy, planned pregnancy during the study period, or lactation.
* Any condition or medication that, in the investigator's judgment, would make participation unsafe or interfere with outcome measures.
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