Perioperative Systemic Therapies in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (GUARDIANS)

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years * Histologically confirmed muscle-invasive or locally advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder * Planned, ongoing, or completed perioperative systemic therapy, including but not limited to Enfortumab Vedotin plus Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine/Cisplatin/Durvalumab, cisplatin-based chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or other standard perioperative treatment approaches * Radical cystectomy planned or performed as part of curative-intent treatment strategy * Written informed consent for prospective data collection, where required * Sufficient clinical documentation available for retrospective inclusion, including at least one follow-up assessment Exclusion Criteria: * Missing informed consent where prospectively required * Insufficient documentation of key baseline data or treatment exposure * No perioperative systemic therapy or inability to assign patient to a study cohort * Follow-up data unavailable or inconsistent documentation preventing endpoint assessment