Effect of Abdominal Massage Training Provided to Caregivers on Constipation Management

Inclusion Criteria: Patients: * Aged 18 years or older. * Hospitalized in a palliative care unit for at least two weeks. * Experiencing constipation. * No clinical contraindication to abdominal massage. * No open surgical wound, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), stoma, or active surgical sutures in the abdominal region. Caregivers: * Aged 18 years or older. * Serving as the patient's primary caregiver. * No physical or cognitive condition that prevents learning and performing abdominal massage. * Willing to participate voluntarily in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients: * Constipation caused by an acute surgical or pathophysiological condition, such as ileus. * Any clinical condition that makes abdominal massage unsafe. * Active surgical complications in the abdominal region. * A clinical condition that prevents completion of the study procedures. Caregivers: * Insufficient cognitive or physical capacity to perform the techniques taught during training. * A health or social condition that prevents completion of the study procedures. Criteria for Discontinuation: * Participant requests withdrawal from the study. * Patient is discharged from the hospital. * Patient dies. * The data collection process cannot be completed.