Digital Eye®-Assisted Bone Density Classification and Primary Dental Implant Stability.

Patient recruitment was based on the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Patients were included if they met the following criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years. 2. Absence of systemic conditions contraindicating implant surgery. 3. Non-smokers or light smokers (less than 10 Cig/Day). 4. healthy and stable periodontal tissues. 5. Having a single tooth bounded edentulous area. 6. Availability of sufficient bone height and width to allow implant placement without the need for simultaneous or staged bone augmentation procedures as evaluated on CBCT 7. Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria Patients were excluded if any of the following conditions were present: 1. Local or systemic infection at the time of implant placement. 2. Metabolic or osseous diseases affecting bone metabolism, including osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. 3. Renal disease, oncologic disease, or disorders affecting calcium metabolism. 4. Benign or malignant pathology involving the maxillary or mandibular bones. 5. Previous implant or prosthetic treatment at the study site. 6. Previous or current bisphosphonate therapy. 7. History of head and neck radiotherapy. 8. Multiple tooth or unbounded edentulous area. 9. Requirement for bone augmentation before or during implant placement. 10. Periodontitis patients. 11. Age \<18 years.