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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Measurement

multiple sclerosis symptom measurement

Quantification of some aspect of multiple sclerosis symptoms, e.g. using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬6347genes / proteins with evidence
💊279drugs and clinical candidates
🧪1recruiting trials worldwide
✅40approved
📈52phase 3
🛡️

Understand multiple sclerosis symptom measurement

Autoimmune diseases · The immune system attacking the body
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What it is

Quantification of some aspect of multiple sclerosis symptoms, e.g. using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

From the Open Targets disease record ↗

🛡️ Autoimmune diseases: In autoimmune diseases the immune system, which should fight germs, attacks the body's own healthy tissue - the joints in rheumatoid arthritis, many organs in lupus, nerves in multiple sclerosis.

❓ Why it happens

  • A mix of genes and triggers - such as infections, smoking or hormones - but the exact cause is often unknown.
  • They are more common in women.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Long-lasting inflammation causes pain, swelling and tiredness, and can damage joints and organs.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Calming the immune system too much makes infections more likely.
  • Flare-ups are hard to predict, and most of these diseases can be controlled but not yet cured.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines (biologics, JAK inhibitors) that block single steps of inflammation.
  • CAR-T cell therapy that "resets" the immune system, showing early promise in severe lupus.
  • Therapies that teach the immune system to tolerate the body again.

General information about autoimmune diseases, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for multiple sclerosis symptom measurement itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on multiple sclerosis symptom measurement stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens multiple sclerosis symptom measurement.

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🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.69
TNFRSF1A TNF receptor superfamily member 1APROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor subunit alphaPROTACantibodyother🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
KEAP1 kelch like ECH associated protein 1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
MS4A1 membrane spanning 4-domains A1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
S1PR1 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
KCNH8 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
IFNAR1 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1PROTACantibodyother🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
KCNA3 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
IFNAR2 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
ITGA4 integrin subunit alpha 4PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
S1PR2 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
S1PR3 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
ITGB1 integrin subunit beta 1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
S1PR5 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to multiple sclerosis symptom measurement, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
AlemtuzumabCAMPATH-1 antigen inhibitorApproved
BaclofenGABA-B receptor agonistApproved
CladribineApproved
CorticotropinMelanocortin receptor 2 agonistApproved
DaclizumabInterleukin-2 receptor inhibitorApproved
DalfampridineVoltage-gated potassium channel blockerApproved
Show all 20
Dantrolene SodiumRyanodine receptor 1 antagonist; Ryanodine receptor 3 antagonistApproved
DexamethasoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Dimethyl FumarateKelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 inhibitorApproved
Diroximel FumarateKelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 inhibitorApproved
FingolimodSphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist; Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding agentApproved
Fingolimod HydrochlorideSphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonistApproved
Fingolimod Lauryl SulfateSphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding agentApproved
Glatiramer AcetateApproved
Interferon Beta-1AInterferon alpha/beta receptor agonistApproved
Interferon Beta-1BInterferon alpha/beta receptor agonistApproved
LeflunomideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitorApproved
Lincomycin70S ribosome inhibitor; Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorApproved
MethylprednisoloneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Methylprednisolone Sodium SuccinateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
AbobotulinumtoxinaSynaptosomal nerve-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) inhibitorPhase 3
AcetaminophenCyclooxygenase inhibitor; Anandamide amidohydrolase inhibitorPhase 3
AmantadineGlutamate [NMDA] receptor antagonist; Matrix protein 2 inhibitorPhase 3
AmifampridineVoltage-gated potassium channel blockerPhase 3
Antilymphocyte Immunoglobulin (Horse)Phase 3
ArbaclofenGABA-B receptor agonistPhase 3
Show all 20
Arbaclofen PlacarbilGABA-B receptor agonistPhase 3
AspirinCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 3
AzathioprineAmidophosphoribosyltransferase inhibitorPhase 3
Azficel-TPhase 3
BiotinPhase 3
CannabidiolCannabinoid CB1 receptor negative allosteric modulatorPhase 3
CholecalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 3
Clemastine FumarateHistamine H1 receptor antagonistPhase 3
CyclophosphamidePhase 3
DextrosePhase 3
DirucotidePhase 3
DivozilimabPhase 3
DonepezilAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorPhase 3
DronabinolCannabinoid CB1 receptor agonistPhase 3
Early trials · 20
AnakinraInterleukin-1 receptor antagonistPhase 1/2
AndrographolidePhase 1/2
BaminerceptHeterotrimeric lymphotoxin LTa1b2 inhibitor; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily mem…Phase 1/2
BendamustinePhase 1/2
BetamethasoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1/2
Betamethasone DipropionateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1/2
Show all 20
Betamethasone Sodium PhosphateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1/2
DantroleneRyanodine receptor 1 antagonist; Ryanodine receptor 3 antagonistPhase 1/2
EvruleucelPhase 1/2
IdebenonePhase 1/2
Insulin HumanInsulin receptor agonistPhase 1/2
Isoxsuprine HydrochlorideAdrenergic receptor alpha-1 antagonist; Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistPhase 1/2
Lithium CarbonateInositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 1 inhibitor; Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitorPhase 1/2
Methylprednisolone AcetateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1/2
Mitoquinone CationPhase 1/2
OtilimabGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibitorPhase 1/2
PioglitazonePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonistPhase 1/2
PirfenidonePhase 1/2
Quetiapine FumarateSerotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonistPhase 1/2
Rapcabtagene AutoleucelPhase 1/2
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Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Home Based Clinical Management of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Rheumatic DiseasesNCT06732674 · NA · 📍 Oslo Search more trials →
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Newest research

Latest papers on PubMed
"There's No Magic Pill": A Multimethods Qualitative Study Exploring Routine Fatigue Care in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Int J MS Care 2025 · PMID 42921597Age-Related Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology and Clinical Function.Int J MS Care 2025 · PMID 42921589Physical and psychological burden in RRMS: depression and fatigue beyond disease duration.Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2026 · PMID 42918252Compartment-specific skeletal involvement in systemic sclerosis characterized by peripheral QCT and serum osteoimmune mediators: …Calcif Tissue Int 2026 · PMID 42911412Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Anti-CD20 Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.JAMA Neurol 2026 · PMID 42911175Cost-effectiveness of cladribine tablets for the treatment of active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom.Curr Med Res Opin 2026 · PMID 42908358Low Uptake of [18F]Flutemetamol in the Mouse Brain Prevents Non-invasive Quantification of Myelin.Mol Pharm 2026 · PMID 42906162Beyond biomarker validation: defining when serum neurofilament light chain should influence management in multiple sclerosis.Front Immunol 2026 · PMID 42904235 Ask a research question in the Hypothesis Lab →
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