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📰 Latest breakthroughs
🗺️ Disease Atlas · Hepatobiliary disorder

gallbladder cancer

A malignant neoplasm involving the gall bladder

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬1871genes / proteins with evidence
💊65drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅7phase 3
📈3phase 2/3
🧬

Understand gallbladder cancer

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Cancer of the gallbladder is rare. It is more common in women and Native Americans. Symptoms include

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)

Pain above the stomach

From MedlinePlus: Gallbladder Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for gallbladder cancer itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on gallbladder cancer stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens gallbladder cancer.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
KRAS KRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.52
SMAD4 SMAD family member 4PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.50
POLE DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunitPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.49
POLD1 DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunitPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.48
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.47
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.46
ERBB2 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.45
CTNNB1 catenin beta 1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.43
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
TYMS thymidylate synthetasePROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
RRM2 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
RRM2B ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2BPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
RRM1 ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
POLE2 DNA polymerase epsilon 2, accessory subunitPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to gallbladder cancer, by how far it has got
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
CapecitabineThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 3
CisplatinPhase 3
Fosgemcitabine PalabenamidePhase 3
GemcitabineRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitor; DNA polymerase (alpha/delta/epsilon) …Phase 3
Gemcitabine HydrochlorideRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitor; DNA polymerase (alpha/delta/epsilon) …Phase 3
PaclitaxelTubulin inhibitorPhase 3
Show all 20
TrastuzumabReceptor protein-tyrosine kinase erbB-2 inhibitorPhase 3
DurvalumabProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitorPhase 2/3
EverolimusFK506-binding protein 1A inhibitorPhase 2/3
OxaliplatinPhase 2/3
AdebrelimabProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitorPhase 2
AfatinibEpidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 inhibitor; Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase erbB-2…Phase 2
AldesleukinInterleukin-2 receptor agonistPhase 2
AtezolizumabProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitorPhase 2
BecatecarinDNA topoisomerase I inhibitor; DNA topoisomerase II inhibitorPhase 2
BevacizumabVascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitorPhase 2
CamrelizumabProgrammed cell death protein 1 antagonistPhase 2
CarboplatinPhase 2
CatequentinibVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor; Vascular endothelial growth fact…Phase 2
CobimetinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity mi…Phase 2
Early trials · 8
AvelumabProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 otherPhase 1/2
BexmarilimabPhase 1/2
BinimetinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity mi…Phase 1/2
NedisertibPhase 1/2
TinengotinibPhase 1/2
Dkn-01Dickkopf-related protein 1 inhibitorPhase 1
Show all 8
GuadecitabinePhase 1
Motexafin GadoliniumThioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor; Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitorPhase 1
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Alternating Chemo-immunotherapy and FGFR Inhibitor for FGFR-positive Biliary or CholangiocarcinomaNCT07780838 · Phase 2 · 📍 ColumbusSafety and Efficacy of CD160-Enhanced Autologous Antigen-Specific T-Cells (BTC-Ag-T) in Advanced Biliary Trac…NCT07614061 · Phase 1 · 📍 ShanghaiRobotic-assisted Contra Open Resection for Suspected or Confirmed Gallbladder Cancer (ROBOCOP)NCT06246448 · NA · 📍 StockholmTEAS Combined With Triple Antiemetic Drugs to Prevent PONV in High-Risk PatientsNCT07480785 · NA · 📍 HangzhouIdentification of New Biomarkers for Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder CancerNCT05184400 · n/a · 📍 HerlevIncidental Gallbladder Carcinoma :Incidence and Clinical Significance in Specimens From Routine Cholecystecto…NCT07885800 · n/a · 📍 SohagSafety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Preliminary Efficacy of MT-304 in Adults With Advanced HER2-Ex…NCT07334119 · Phase 1 · 📍 DarlinghurstLocally ablatIVe thErapy for oLigo-progressive gastrOintestiNal maliGnancies (LIVELONG)NCT06101277 · NA · 📍 SacramentoDose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2001 in Patients With Advanced Solid TumorsNCT06239194 · Phase 1, Phase 2 · 📍 DenverNeoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gall Bladder Cancer : a Randomized Control Trial (NEOGB)NCT06712420 · Phase 3 · 📍 DelhiProspective Evaluation of 68Ga-FAPI PET in Biliary CancersNCT07337850 · n/a · 📍 MumbaiIntegrated Cancer Repository for Cancer ResearchNCT02012699 · n/a · 📍 Greenwood Village Search more trials →
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