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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Cancer or benign tumor

lip and oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the lip or oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Lip carcinomas are usually basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬5801genes / proteins with evidence
💊19drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅1phase 3
📈6phase 2
🧬

Understand lip and oral cavity carcinoma

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for lip and oral cavity carcinoma itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on lip and oral cavity carcinoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens lip and oral cavity carcinoma.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.74
HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.71
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.65
NOTCH1 notch receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.57
MAML2 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
CRTC1 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
NFIB nuclear factor I BPROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.55
MYB MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factorPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2CPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
CRTC3 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
CASP8 caspase 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma, by how far it has got
In phase 2 / 3 · 7
Contusugene LadenovecCellular tumor antigen p53 exogenous genePhase 3
Aminolevulinic AcidPhase 2
CarboplatinPhase 2
FluorouracilThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 2
HydroxyureaRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitorPhase 2
MetronidazolePhase 2
Show all 7
PaclitaxelTubulin inhibitorPhase 2
Early trials · 7
CalcitriolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 1/2
CelecoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorPhase 1/2
EniluracilDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 1/2
CisplatinPhase 1
FluconazoleCytochrome P450 51 inhibitorPhase 1
MogamulizumabC-C chemokine receptor type 4 cross-linking agentPhase 1
Show all 7
NivolumabProgrammed cell death protein 1 inhibitorPhase 1
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Develop and Evaluate An Artificial Intelligence Assisted Prehabilitation Program for Returning to Work and Co…NCT07562100 · NA · 📍 TaipeiRole of Acetaldehyde in the Development of Oral CancerNCT05973656 · NA · 📍 MinneapolisWindow Trial of Intratumoral (IT) Neoadjuvant Fluorescently Labelled Nivolumab (nivo800) in Head and Neck Squ…NCT07741565 · EARLY Phase 1 · 📍 NashvilleHigh-Resolution PET-CT Imaging for Surgical Margin VisualizationNCT06915454 · NA · 📍 NashvilleRemote Audiometry to Monitor for Treatment-Related Hearing Loss in Patients With H&N SCC Receiving Cisplatin …NCT06662058 · NA · 📍 AtlantaStudy of INBRX-106 and INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) in Subjects With Locally Advan…NCT04198766 · Phase 1, Phase 2 · 📍 DuarteComparing Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy With Standard Neck Dissection for Patients With Early-Stage Oral C…NCT04333537 · Phase 2, Phase 3 · 📍 Birmingham4 Courses vs 2 Courses of Pembrolizumab Combined With Carboplatin and Albumin-binding Paclitaxel of Neoadjuva…NCT05980702 · Phase 2 · 📍 GuangzhouTransoral Robotic Surgery in Treating Patients With Benign or Malignant Tumors of the Head and NeckNCT01473784 · NA · 📍 ColumbusNeoadjuvant Tirellizumab Combined With Chemotherapy for Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(HNC-SYSU-004)NCT06130332 · Phase 2 · 📍 GuangzhouTrop2-targeting NIR-II Molecular Probe for Precision Diagnosis of Oral CancerNCT07794813 · n/a · 📍 KunmingWindow Trial of Fluorescently Labeled Panitumumab (Panitumumab-IRDye800) in Head and Neck CancerNCT06819228 · Phase 1 · 📍 Nashville Search more trials →
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