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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Cancer or benign tumor

lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the lip or the oral cavity. The oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma usually arises from the buccal mucosa, tongue, or gums. It occurs predominantly in adults who use tobacco and alcohol and has a tendency to metastasize early to lymph nodes.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬5628genes / proteins with evidence
💊0drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
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Understand lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

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Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.51
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.50
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.47
HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.45
CASP8 caspase 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.43
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
PDCD1 programmed cell death 1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
TUBB4B tubulin beta 4B class IVbPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBB3 tubulin beta 3 class IIIPROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBA1B tubulin alpha 1bPROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
NOTCH1 notch receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBB tubulin beta class IPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBA1A tubulin alpha 1aPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBA3E tubulin alpha 3ePROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40
TUBA3C tubulin alpha 3cPROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.40

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, by how far it has got

No drugs recorded yet.

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Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Testing the Addition of Ipatasertib to Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck CancerNCT05172245 · Phase 1 · 📍 TampaTMV Vaccine Therapy Alone and With Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Ne…NCT06868433 · Phase 1 · 📍 AtlantaTissue Sample Collection From Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and From Healthy ParticipantsNCT00898638 · n/a · 📍 NashvilleTesting the Addition of Chemotherapy or Chemo-Immunotherapy to the Usual Surgery for Advanced Head and Neck C…NCT07195734 · Phase 2 · 📍 TucsonBiomarkers in Patients With Respiratory Tract Dysplasia or Lung Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, or Aerodigestiv…NCT00900419 · n/a · 📍 AuroraTesting the Addition of the Drug BMX-001, a Radioprotector, or a Placebo to the Usual Chemoradiation Therapy …NCT06532279 · Phase 2 · 📍 GilbertTesting Whether Cemiplimab (REGN2810) Plus CDX-1140 Given Prior to Surgery Are Better Than Cemiplimab (REGN28…NCT06980038 · Phase 2 · 📍 IrvineRadiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Stage III-IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma o…NCT02734537 · Phase 2 · 📍 BirminghamTesting the Addition of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Camonsertib, to Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Head and Neck Sq…NCT07156227 · Phase 1 · 📍 DuarteRemote Audiometry to Monitor for Treatment-Related Hearing Loss in Patients With H&N SCC Receiving Cisplatin …NCT06662058 · NA · 📍 AtlantaAlpha Radiation Emitters Device (DaRT) for the Treatment of Cutaneous, Mucosal or Superficial Soft Tissue Neo…NCT03889899 · NA · 📍 HaifaLovastatin and Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer,…NCT06636734 · Phase 2 · 📍 Atlanta Search more trials →
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