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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Gastrointestinal disease

oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬5728genes / proteins with evidence
💊1drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅1early phase 1
🧬

Understand oral cavity carcinoma

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for oral cavity carcinoma itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on oral cavity carcinoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens oral cavity carcinoma.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
NOTCH1 notch receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.57
MAML2 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
CRTC1 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.55
NFIB nuclear factor I BPROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.55
MYB MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factorPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2CPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
CRTC3 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
CASP8 caspase 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
KDM6A lysine demethylase 6APROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to oral cavity carcinoma, by how far it has got
Early trials · 1
CisplatinEarly phase 1
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
THRIVE Study: Understanding How Oral Nicotine Pouches Affect Public HealthNCT07503925 · Phase 4 · 📍 ColumbusHead and Neck Carcinoma Clinical Research Platform for Molecular and Blood-based Biomarkers, Treatment and Ou…NCT06380686 · n/a · 📍 EssenA Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung CancerNCT07659782 · Phase 2 · 📍 ScottsdaleImproved Oral Health in Head and Neck Cancer SurvivorsNCT07173270 · NA · 📍 UppsalaImmune Biomarker Study for Cisplatin-ineligible Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy With DocetaxelNCT06947668 · n/a · 📍 ErlangenMulti-Site Trial of Navigation vs Treatment as Usual to Improve Initiation of Timely Adjuvant TherapyNCT05793151 · NA · 📍 St LouisProactive Risk-based Optimization & Notifications for Treatment & Outcomes in Head & Neck CancerNCT07180901 · NA · 📍 MontrealTesting the Addition of Ipatasertib to Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck CancerNCT05172245 · Phase 1 · 📍 TampaA Study of Isoquercetin in People With Ovarian CancerNCT07303894 · Phase 2 · 📍 BostonOral Hedgehog Inhibitors in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Netherlands: a Prospective Registrat…NCT05463757 · n/a · 📍 NijmegenA Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of AUR107 in Patients With Relapsed Advanced Malignancies (SHAKTI-…NCT05865002 · Phase 1 · 📍 VijayawadaReflectance Confocal Microscopy of Oral Cancers in Vivo: a Preliminary Trial Comparing Intra-oral Imaging Wit…NCT02507141 · n/a · 📍 Basking Ridge Search more trials →
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