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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Respiratory or thoracic disease

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightnes…

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬8000genes / proteins with evidence
💊328drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅44approved
📈2filed for approval
🫁

Understand chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Lungs and breathing · Airways that narrow and swell
🎓 Learn more

What it is

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time.

Normally, the airways and air sacs in your lungs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, the airways bring air to the air sacs. The air sacs fill up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. If you have COPD, less air flows in and out of your airways because of one or more problems:

The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic

From MedlinePlus: COPD (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🫁 Lungs and breathing: Chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) damage or inflame the airways and lungs, so breathing becomes hard.

❓ Why it happens

  • Smoking, air pollution, smoke from cooking with solid fuels, dust and chemicals at work, allergies, infections and genes.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • The airways swell, tighten and fill with mucus, so less air gets in and out.
  • In COPD the tiny air sacs are slowly destroyed, and the damage does not heal.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Damage in COPD is permanent, and pollution is hard to avoid.
  • Many people are diagnosed late, or not at all.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Biologic medicines for severe asthma, and new ones being tested in COPD.
  • Better inhaled medicines, and research into helping lung tissue repair itself.

General information about lungs and breathing, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
SCNN1B sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit betaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.81
SCNN1A sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.79
CFTR CF transmembrane conductance regulatorPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.77
SCNN1G sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gammaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.76
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.72
SERPINA1 serpin family A member 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.71
CHRM3 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
CHRNA4 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunitPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
FAM13A family with sequence similarity 13 member APROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
ADRB2 adrenoceptor beta 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
PDE4A phosphodiesterase 4APROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
PDE4D phosphodiesterase 4DPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
ADORA1 adenosine A1 receptorPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
CHRM1 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4BPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
AclidiniumMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistApproved
Aclidinium BromideMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistApproved
AlbuterolBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
Albuterol SulfateBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
AlmitrineApproved
ArformoterolBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
Show all 20
Arformoterol TartrateBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
AzithromycinBacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorApproved
BamifyllineApproved
BeclomethasoneApproved
Beclomethasone DipropionateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
BitolterolBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
BudesonideGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
CarbocysteineApproved
EnsifentrinePhosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitorApproved
FluorometholoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Fluticasone FuroateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
Fluticasone PropionateGlucocorticoid receptor agonistApproved
FormoterolBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
Formoterol FumarateBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
LevcromakalimFiled for approval
TelenzepineFiled for approval
(+/-)NicotinePhase 3
.Alpha.1-Proteinase Inhibitor HumanLeukocyte elastase inhibitorPhase 3
AcetazolamideCarbonic anhydrase I inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitorPhase 3
AcetylcysteinePhase 3
Show all 20
Albumin HumanPhase 3
ArofyllinePhase 3
AspirinCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 3
AstegolimabIL-33 receptor (ST2) inhibitorPhase 3
BenralizumabInterleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha inhibitorPhase 3
BococizumabSubtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitorPhase 3
CilomilastPhosphodiesterase 4 inhibitorPhase 3
Darbepoetin AlfaErythropoietin receptor agonistPhase 3
DepemokimabInterleukin-5 inhibitorPhase 3
DoxycyclineMatrix metalloproteinase 7 inhibitor; Matrix metalloproteinase 8 inhibitorPhase 3
DronabinolCannabinoid CB1 receptor agonistPhase 3
DupilumabInterleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha antagonistPhase 3
ErdosteinePhase 3
FenoterolBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistPhase 3
Early trials · 20
CanakinumabInterleukin-1 beta inhibitorPhase 1/2
Co-TrimoxazoleBacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; Bacterial dihydropteroate synthase inhibitorPhase 1/2
CyclosporineCyclophilin A modulatorPhase 1/2
Dnk333Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonistPhase 1/2
GisadenafilPhosphodiesterase 5A inhibitorPhase 1/2
MannitolPhase 1/2
Show all 20
TrimethoprimBacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitorPhase 1/2
Trospium ChlorideMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonist; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 ant…Phase 1/2
AcetylcholineMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 agonistPhase 1
AndecaliximabMatrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibitorPhase 1
Angiotensin IiType-1 angiotensin II receptor agonistPhase 1
Angiotensin-IiPhase 1
ApocyninPhase 1
Azd-5122Phase 1
Azd-6553Phase 1
Azd-8075Phase 1
Bedoradrine SulfateBeta-2 adrenergic receptor agonistPhase 1
Bq-123Endothelin receptor ET-A antagonistPhase 1
CamoteskimabInterleukin-18 cross-linking agentPhase 1
DaridorexantOrexin receptor antagonist; Orexin receptor 1 antagonistPhase 1
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Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Electrical Stimulation for Respiratory and Leg Muscles Impact on COPD PatientsNCT06670443 · NA · 📍 DokkiReforça't: A Community, Social, and Healthcare Program for Patients With Cardiorespiratory Conditions Upon Ho…NCT06897410 · NA · 📍 CalellaTele-Pulmonary Rehabilitation For COPD Patients Living in Peripheral AreasNCT07666854 · NA · 📍 Tel AvivAtorvastatin to Reduce Inflammation After Tuberculosis Treatment CompletionNCT04147286 · Phase 2, Phase 3 · 📍 ObservatoryDifferent Inspiratory Muscle Trainings in Patients With COPDNCT07406659 · NA · 📍 YalovaEffects of Oxygen Supplementation During the 6-Minute Walk Test in Chronic Respiratory Failure or Exertional …NCT07451977 · NA · 📍 LumezzaneAn Evaluation of the AeriSeal System for CONVERTing Collateral Ventilation Status in Patients With Severe Emp…NCT06035120 · NA · 📍 PhoenixThe Role of Concomitant Diseases in Postoperative Complications Risk Stratification.NCT03945968 · n/a · 📍 ArkhangelskPhase I/II Study of AD-PluReceptor Plus Tafasitamab-cxix and Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy in Patients With Au…NCT06434363 · Phase 1, Phase 2 · 📍 HoustonThis is a Non-interventional, Study to Assess Demographic Characteristics and Patient Reported Outcomes in Ch…NCT06862206 · n/a · 📍 AnhuiEffect of Breather in COPD Patients With Intermittent ClaudicationNCT06529185 · NA · 📍 DokkiMechanism(s)of Airflow Limitation in Moderate-severe Persistent AsthmaNCT00576069 · n/a · 📍 Lakewood Search more trials →
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