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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Infectious disease

tuberculosis

A chronic, recurrent infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) may affect almost any tissue or organ of the body with the lungs being the most common site of infection. The clinical stages of TB are primary or initial infection, latent or dormant infection, and recrudescent or adult-type TB. Ninety to 95% of primary TB infections may go unrecognized. Histopathologically, tissue …

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬5049genes / proteins with evidence
💊134drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅27approved
📈41phase 3
🦠

Understand tuberculosis

Infections · Germs against the immune system
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.

Not everyone infected with TB bacteria (germs) becomes sick. So, there are two types of TB conditions:

Inactive (latent) TB infection, where the TB germs live in your body but don't make you sick.

From MedlinePlus: Tuberculosis (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🦠 Infections: Infectious diseases are caused by germs - bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi - that enter the body and multiply. Examples are tuberculosis, malaria and dengue.

❓ Why it happens

  • Germs spread through the air, water and food, by touch, through blood, or by insects such as mosquitoes.
  • A weak immune system, crowded housing, poor sanitation and lack of vaccines raise the risk.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Germs damage the tissues they live in - the lungs in tuberculosis, the blood in malaria.
  • The immune system fights back, causing fever and inflammation.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Germs evolve resistance to medicines, as in drug-resistant tuberculosis and malaria.
  • Some diseases still have no vaccine, or only a partly protective one.
  • The people most affected are often the hardest to reach with tests and treatment.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • New antibiotics and shorter tuberculosis treatments.
  • Malaria vaccines now recommended by the World Health Organization for children.
  • AI to design new antimicrobial molecules, and faster tests that also detect drug resistance.

General information about infections, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for tuberculosis itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on tuberculosis stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens tuberculosis.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60
LTF lactotransferrinPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.52
KPNA1 karyopherin subunit alpha 1PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.50
KPNB1 karyopherin subunit beta 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.50
TLR2 toll like receptor 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.49
UBC ubiquitin CPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.47
RPS27A ribosomal protein S27aPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.46
RAB7A RAB7A, member RAS oncogene familyPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.46
UBB ubiquitin BPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.46
UBA52 ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.46
VDR vitamin D receptorPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.41
MRC1 mannose receptor C-type 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.38
CORO1A coronin 1APROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.38
MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.38
B2M beta-2-microglobulinPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.38

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to tuberculosis, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
Aminosalicylate CalciumApproved
Aminosalicylate SodiumDihydrofolate reductase inhibitorApproved
Aminosalicylic AcidDihydrofolate reductase inhibitorApproved
AmithiozoneApproved
BedaquilineATP synthase inhibitorApproved
Bedaquiline FumarateATP synthase inhibitorApproved
Show all 20
Capreomycin70S ribosome inhibitorApproved
Capreomycin Sulfate70S ribosome inhibitorApproved
CycloserineD-alanylalanine synthetase inhibitor; Alanine racemase inhibitorApproved
DelamanidApproved
EnviomycinApproved
EthambutolArabinosyltransferase A inhibitorApproved
Ethambutol HydrochlorideArabinosyltransferase A inhibitorApproved
EthionamideEnoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase inhibitorApproved
FtivazideApproved
IsoniazidEnoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase inhibitorApproved
MorinamideApproved
PretomanidApproved
ProtionamideApproved
PyrazinamideFatty acid synthase inhibitor; 70S ribosome inhibitorApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
(+/-)NicotinePhase 3
Abacavir SulfateHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 3
AcetylcysteinePhase 3
AlbendazoleTubulin inhibitorPhase 3
ArgininePhase 3
Ascorbic AcidPhase 3
Show all 20
ClofaziminePhase 3
CobalaminPhase 3
DidanosineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 3
DolutegravirHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitorPhase 3
EfavirenzHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 3
EmtricitabineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 3
Emtricitabine, (+/-)-Phase 3
ErgocalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 3
Folic AcidPhase 3
HydrocortisoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 3
KanamycinBacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorPhase 3
LamivudineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; DNA polymerase/rever…Phase 3
LevofloxacinDNA gyrase inhibitor; Topoisomerase IV inhibitorPhase 3
LinezolidBacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorPhase 3
Early trials · 20
AzacitidineDNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A inhibitor; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 inh…Phase 1/2
ContezolidBacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorPhase 1/2
GatifloxacinDNA gyrase inhibitor; Topoisomerase IV inhibitorPhase 1/2
IndinavirPhase 1/2
AllopurinolXanthine dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 1
Aluminum HydroxidePhase 1
Show all 20
Aluminum PhosphatePhase 1
AmikacinBacterial 70S ribosome inhibitorPhase 1
Bcg LivePhase 1
Bcg VaccinePhase 1
BuprenorphineMu opioid receptor agonist; Kappa opioid receptor agonistPhase 1
CelecoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorPhase 1
ChloroquinePhase 1
Clavulanic AcidBacterial beta-lactamase TEM inhibitorPhase 1
DarunavirHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitorPhase 1
EtoricoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorPhase 1
FosamprenavirHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitorPhase 1
Gsk-2556286Phase 1
NelfinavirHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitorPhase 1
StavudineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 1
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