AI Cure is a research tool showing open data. Not medical advice. Discuss with your doctor. Terms

📰 Latest breakthroughs
🗺️ Disease Atlas · Phenotype

type 2 diabetes mellitus

A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬10206genes / proteins with evidence
💊613drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅70approved
📈1filed for approval
🩸

Understand type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes and metabolism · Sugar that cannot get into cells
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your main source of energy. It comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin well. The glucose then stays in your blood and not enough goes into your cells.

Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.

What causes type 2 diabetes?

From MedlinePlus: Diabetes Type 2 (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🩸 Diabetes and metabolism: In diabetes the body cannot make enough insulin, or cannot use it well, so sugar (glucose) stays too high in the blood instead of feeding the body's cells.

❓ Why it happens

  • Insulin is like a key that opens cells to let sugar in. It is made in the pancreas.
  • Type 1: the immune system destroys the insulin-making cells, so there are almost no keys.
  • Type 2: the cells stop answering insulin well (insulin resistance) and the pancreas cannot keep up. Weight, inactivity, diet, family history and age raise the risk.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Years of high blood sugar damage small and large blood vessels and nerves.
  • That can lead to heart attack and stroke, kidney failure, loss of eyesight, nerve pain and foot ulcers.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Type 1 cannot yet be prevented or reversed; people need insulin every day.
  • Type 2 can be silent for years before it is found.
  • Managing blood sugar is lifelong, and medicines, insulin and monitoring are not easy for everyone to get.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • GLP-1 medicines that lower blood sugar and weight, now also shown to protect the heart and kidneys.
  • A medicine that can delay type 1 diabetes in people at high risk (teplizumab, approved in the US).
  • Replacing insulin-making cells grown from stem cells, in clinical trials.
  • Automated insulin delivery ("artificial pancreas") systems that link a sensor to a pump.

General information about diabetes and metabolism, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for type 2 diabetes mellitus itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on type 2 diabetes mellitus stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens type 2 diabetes mellitus.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
KCNJ11 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.88
ABCC8 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.88
GCK glucokinasePROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.87
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.86
HNF1A HNF1 homeobox APROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.85
HNF4A hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alphaPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.80
HNF1B HNF1 homeobox B🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.78
INSR insulin receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.77
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.77
WFS1 wolframin ER transmembrane glycoproteinPROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.76
SLC2A2 solute carrier family 2 member 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.75
PAX4 paired box 4🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.73
SLC30A8 solute carrier family 30 member 8antibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.72
AKT2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.72
GPD2 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.71

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
AcarbosePancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor; Maltase-glucoamylase inhibitorApproved
AlbiglutideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistApproved
AlogliptinDipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitorApproved
Alogliptin BenzoateDipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitorApproved
AnagliptinDipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitorApproved
BexagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
Show all 20
BiotinApproved
Bromocriptine MesylateD2-like dopamine receptor agonistApproved
CanagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
CetilistatPancreatic lipase inhibitor; Gastric lipase inhibitorApproved
ChlorpropamideSulfonylurea receptor 1, Kir6.2 blockerApproved
Colesevelam HydrochlorideApproved
CyanocobalaminApproved
DapagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
Dapagliflozin PropanediolSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
DulaglutideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistApproved
EmpagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
ErtugliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
Ertugliflozin PidolateSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
ExenatideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
LuseogliflozinFiled for approval
AcetylcarnitinePhase 3
AleglitazarPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist; Peroxisome proliferator-activat…Phase 3
AlirocumabSubtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitorPhase 3
AllopurinolXanthine dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 3
AmlodipineVoltage-gated L-type calcium channel blockerPhase 3
Show all 20
AmoxicillinBacterial penicillin-binding protein inhibitorPhase 3
AspirinCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 3
AtorvastatinHMG-CoA reductase inhibitorPhase 3
AvexitideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonistPhase 3
AzilsartanType-1 angiotensin II receptor antagonistPhase 3
Azilsartan MedoxomilType-1 angiotensin II receptor antagonistPhase 3
BalaglitazonePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma partial agonistPhase 3
BerberinePhase 3
Berberine ChloridePhase 3
Berberine UrsodeoxycholatePhase 3
BezisterimPhase 3
Bifidobacterium Spp.Phase 3
BiguanidePhase 3
BupropionDopamine transporter inhibitor; Norepinephrine transporter inhibitorPhase 3
Early trials · 20
CaptoprilAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorPhase 1/2
Fish OilPhase 1/2
GalantamineAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorPhase 1/2
HepalatideBile acid transporter inhibitorPhase 1/2
KetoconazoleCytochrome P450 51 inhibitorPhase 1/2
Nicotinamide RibosidePhase 1/2
Show all 20
OnabotulinumtoxinaSynaptosomal nerve-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) inhibitorPhase 1/2
OxygenPhase 1/2
Recombinant Human Kallikrein-1Phase 1/2
Rexlemestrocel-LPhase 1/2
SalacinolPhase 1/2
Sodium TaurocholatePhase 1/2
Taurocholic AcidPhase 1/2
VolagidemabGlucagon receptor inhibitorPhase 1/2
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, (+/-)-Phase 1
AcetaminophenCyclooxygenase inhibitor; Anandamide amidohydrolase inhibitorPhase 1
AcetylcholineMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 agonistPhase 1
Adp-597Phase 1
AlpelisibPI3-kinase p110-alpha subunit inhibitorPhase 1
BethanecholMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 agonist; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 agonistPhase 1
🛡️

AI Cure shows public evidence (Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, openFDA, DepMap, AlphaFold) with its source, and AI summaries that cite it — not medical advice and not a cure. Treatment decisions belong with your doctor. Research ideas are shared only with approved researchers and labs, who can test them. In an emergency call your local emergency number (112 in India and Europe, 911 in the US). AI Cure Terms of Use · Privacy