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๐Ÿ“ฐ Latest breakthroughs
๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Disease Atlas ยท Psychiatric disorder

dementia

Loss of intellectual abilities interfering with an individual's social and occupational functions. Causes include Alzheimer's disease, brain injuries, brain tumors, and vascular disorders.

๐Ÿ”” Follow weekly
๐Ÿงฌ14711genes / proteins with evidence
๐Ÿ’Š96drugs and clinical candidates
๐Ÿงช12+recruiting trials worldwide
โœ…20approved
๐Ÿ“ˆ14phase 3
๐Ÿง 

Understand dementia

Brain and nerves ยท Nerve cells that slowly stop working
๐ŸŽ“ Learn more

What it is

Dementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:

Memory

Language skills

From MedlinePlus: Dementia (US National Library of Medicine) โ†—

๐Ÿง  Brain and nerves: In neurodegenerative diseases, nerve cells in the brain or spinal cord stop working and die over time - affecting memory (Alzheimer's disease), movement (Parkinson's disease) or muscles (ALS).

โ“ Why it happens

  • Proteins fold the wrong way and clump together inside or between nerve cells - amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's disease, alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.
  • Inflammation, some genes (such as APOE4) and, above all, age raise the risk.

๐Ÿซ€ What it does to the body

  • As connections between nerve cells are lost, memory, thinking, movement or speech fade.
  • The changes start years - often decades - before the first symptoms.

๐Ÿงฑ Why it is hard to cure

  • Most medicines cannot easily pass the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain.
  • By the time symptoms appear, many nerve cells are already lost, and they do not grow back.
  • Many drug trials have failed, partly because the diseases are found late.

๐Ÿš€ What research is trying now

  • Antibodies that clear amyloid and modestly slow early Alzheimer's disease (approved in some countries).
  • Blood tests that detect Alzheimer's changes years earlier.
  • Gene-targeted medicines, such as one approved in the US for an inherited form of ALS.

General information about brain and nerves, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for dementia itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on dementia stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands โ€” every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens dementia.

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Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
ARSA arylsulfatase APROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.90
ABCD1 ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.89
PSEN1 presenilin 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.88
APP amyloid beta precursor proteinPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.88
PLA2G6 phospholipase A2 group VIPROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.88
C19orf12 chromosome 19 open reading frame 12PROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.87
ATP13A2 ATPase cation transporting 13A2PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.87
PANK2 pantothenate kinase 2PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.86
VCP valosin containing proteinPROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.85
COASY Coenzyme A synthasePROTAC๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.85
SQSTM1 sequestosome 1PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.85
ITPR1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.85
DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase 1PROTACsmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.84
MAPT microtubule associated protein tauPROTACantibodysmall molecule๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.84
VPS13A vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog APROTACantibody๐ŸงŠ AlphaFold structure โ†— 0.84

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to dementia, by how far it has got
Approved ยท 20
AducanumabAmyloid-beta A4 protein binding agentApproved
Benzgalantamine GluconateAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorApproved
CyclandelateApproved
DonanemabAmyloid-beta A4 protein disrupting agentApproved
DonepezilAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorApproved
Donepezil HydrochlorideAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorApproved
Show all 20
Flortaucipir F 18Approved
GalantamineAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorApproved
Galantamine HydrobromideAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorApproved
GinkgoApproved
IndeloxazineApproved
Ioflupane I 123Approved
IpidacrineApproved
LecanemabAmyloid-beta A4 protein inhibitorApproved
MemantineGlutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulatorApproved
Memantine HydrochlorideGlutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulatorApproved
OxiracetamApproved
RivastigmineCholinesterases; ACHE & BCHE inhibitorApproved
Rivastigmine TartrateCholinesterases; ACHE & BCHE inhibitorApproved
TacrineCholinesterases; ACHE & BCHE inhibitorApproved
In phase 2 / 3 ยท 20
Altropane I-123Phase 3
AripiprazoleDopamine D2 receptor partial agonist; Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor partial agonistPhase 3
CitalopramSerotonin transporter inhibitorPhase 3
DeudextromethorphanPhase 3
DexmedetomidineAdrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonistPhase 3
Divalproex SodiumSuccinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 3
Show all 20
MazdutidePhase 3
MirtazapineSerotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonistPhase 3
PerphenazineDopamine D2 receptor antagonistPhase 3
QuetiapineSerotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonistPhase 3
Quinidine SulfateSodium channel alpha subunit blockerPhase 3
RisperidoneSerotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonistPhase 3
SemaglutideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistPhase 3
SolanezumabAmyloid-beta A4 protein binding agentPhase 3
AcetaminophenCyclooxygenase inhibitor; Anandamide amidohydrolase inhibitorPhase 2/3
BuprenorphineMu opioid receptor agonist; Kappa opioid receptor agonistPhase 2/3
CannabidiolCannabinoid CB1 receptor negative allosteric modulatorPhase 2/3
DronabinolCannabinoid CB1 receptor agonistPhase 2/3
Epigalocatechin GallatePhase 2/3
IntepirdineSerotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonistPhase 2/3
Early trials ยท 9
Biib-080Phase 1/2
BromocriptineD2-like dopamine receptor agonistPhase 1/2
BuntanetapPhase 1/2
DextromethorphanSigma opioid receptor agonist; Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon 1 antagonistPhase 1/2
BosutinibTyrosine-protein kinase ABL inhibitor; Tyrosine-protein kinase SRC inhibitorPhase 1
Vitamin B12Phase 1
Show all 9
CysteineEarly phase 1
D-AspartateEarly phase 1
ErgocalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistEarly phase 1
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

AI Cure shows public evidence (Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, openFDA, DepMap, AlphaFold) with its source, and AI summaries that cite it โ€” not medical advice and not a cure. Treatment decisions belong with your doctor. Research ideas are shared only with approved researchers and labs, who can test them. In an emergency call your local emergency number (112 in India and Europe, 911 in the US). AI Cure Terms of Use ยท Privacy