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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Urinary system disorder

chronic kidney disease

Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬6523genes / proteins with evidence
💊349drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅51approved
📈95phase 3
🔬

Understand chronic kidney disease

Every other disease · Genes, environment and time
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.

The kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. Blood and urine tests are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.

Treatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include medicines to lower blood pressure, control blood sugar, and lower cholesterol. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplantation.

From MedlinePlus: Chronic Kidney Disease (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🔬 Every other disease: Most diseases come from a mix of the genes we inherit, the environment and way we live, and the passing of time.

❓ Why it happens

  • Genes can make a person more or less likely to get a disease.
  • Environment and lifestyle - infections, diet, smoking, pollution, activity - push the risk up or down.
  • Errors build up in the body over the years, which is why many diseases are more common with age.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Each disease affects the body in its own way; the summary above explains this one.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • The biology is often only partly understood.
  • A medicine has to be both effective and safe, and proving that in clinical trials takes years.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Studying which genes are linked to the disease - AI Cure shows them below, ranked by evidence.
  • Testing whether medicines approved for other diseases could help.

General information about every other disease, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for chronic kidney disease itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on chronic kidney disease stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens chronic kidney disease.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
PKD1 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interactingPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.71
ACE angiotensin I converting enzymePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.70
PKD2 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channelPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.69
EGLN2 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 2PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.65
UMOD uromodulinantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
SLC12A3 solute carrier family 12 member 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
VDR vitamin D receptorPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
SLC5A2 solute carrier family 5 member 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
AGTR1 angiotensin II receptor type 1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
EPOR erythropoietin receptorPROTACantibodyother🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenasePROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60
CASR calcium sensing receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
CFHR5 complement factor H related 5antibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
NR3C2 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
EGLN1 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to chronic kidney disease, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
Ascorbic AcidApproved
BiotinApproved
BixalomerApproved
CalcifediolVitamin D receptor agonistApproved
CalcitriolVitamin D receptor agonistApproved
Calcium AcetateApproved
Show all 20
Ceftaroline Fosamil AcetateBacterial penicillin-binding protein inhibitorApproved
ChlorothiazideThiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitorApproved
ChlorthalidoneThiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitorApproved
Cinacalcet HydrochlorideCalcium sensing receptor positive allosteric modulatorApproved
CyanocobalaminApproved
DapagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
DaprodustatHypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitorApproved
Darbepoetin AlfaErythropoietin receptor agonistApproved
Difelikefalin AcetateKappa opioid receptor agonistApproved
DoxercalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistApproved
EmpagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorApproved
Epoetin AlfaErythropoietin receptor agonistApproved
Epoetin BetaErythropoietin receptor agonistApproved
Epoetin DeltaErythropoietin receptor agonistApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
AcetylcysteinePhase 3
AmlodipineVoltage-gated L-type calcium channel blockerPhase 3
Antilymphocyte Immunoglobulin (Horse)Phase 3
AspirinCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 3
AtorvastatinHMG-CoA reductase inhibitorPhase 3
AtrasentanEndothelin receptor ET-A antagonistPhase 3
Show all 20
Bardoxolone MethylPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist; Inhibitor of nuclear factor …Phase 3
BasiliximabInterleukin-2 receptor inhibitorPhase 3
BaxdrostatPhase 3
BelataceptT-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 inhibitor; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 inhi…Phase 3
BenazeprilAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorPhase 3
BexagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorPhase 3
BudesonideGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 3
CandesartanType-1 angiotensin II receptor antagonistPhase 3
CholecalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 3
CinacalcetCalcium sensing receptor positive allosteric modulatorPhase 3
ClopidogrelPurinergic receptor P2Y12 antagonistPhase 3
Colestilan ChloridePhase 3
CorticotropinMelanocortin receptor 2 agonistPhase 3
CurcuminPhase 3
Early trials · 20
Alanyl GlutaminePhase 1/2
Amino AcidsPhase 1/2
ApabetaloneBromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitorPhase 1/2
Carfilzomib26S proteasome inhibitorPhase 1/2
EnalaprilAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorPhase 1/2
FepixnebartProtransforming growth factor alpha inhibitor; Proepiregulin inhibitorPhase 1/2
Show all 20
MagnesiumPhase 1/2
MilvexianCoagulation factor XI inhibitorPhase 1/2
SiplizumabT-cell surface antigen CD2 inhibitorPhase 1/2
TegoprubartCD40 ligand inhibitorPhase 1/2
VoxelotorHemoglobin HbA positive modulatorPhase 1/2
AzathioprineAmidophosphoribosyltransferase inhibitorPhase 1
CefepimeBacterial penicillin-binding protein inhibitorPhase 1
Ceftaroline FosamilBacterial penicillin-binding protein inhibitor; Penicillin-binding protein 2a inhibitorPhase 1
Dabigatran EtexilateThrombin inhibitorPhase 1
DenosumabTumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 inhibitorPhase 1
DoxycyclineMatrix metalloproteinase 7 inhibitor; Matrix metalloproteinase 8 inhibitorPhase 1
EnarodustatEgl nine homolog 1 inhibitorPhase 1
EnmetazobactamBacterial beta-lactamase TEM inhibitorPhase 1
FluoroestradiolPhase 1
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