AI Cure is a research tool showing open data. Not medical advice. Discuss with your doctor. Terms

📰 Latest breakthroughs
🗺️ Disease Atlas · Nervous system disorder

glioblastoma

The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade…

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬11218genes / proteins with evidence
💊453drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅3approved
📈40phase 3
🧬

Understand glioblastoma

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma, IDH-mutant), but more frequently, it manifests after a short clinical history de novo, without evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion (primary glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype). (Adapted from WHO)

From the Open Targets disease record ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for glioblastoma itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on glioblastoma stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens glioblastoma.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.73
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.69
IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.68
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homologPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
ATRX ATRX chromatin remodelerPROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
RB1 RB transcriptional corepressor 1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
NF1 neurofibromin 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
TERT telomerase reverse transcriptasePROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
FGFR1 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.59
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.58
GSR glutathione-disulfide reductasePROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
PDGFRA platelet derived growth factor receptor alphaPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor APROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to glioblastoma, by how far it has got
Approved · 3
BevacizumabVascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitorApproved
CarmustineGlutathione reductase inhibitorApproved
TemozolomideApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
Aminolevulinic AcidPhase 3
Aminolevulinic Acid HydrochloridePhase 3
CarboplatinPhase 3
CediranibStem cell growth factor receptor inhibitor; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhib…Phase 3
ChloroquinePhase 3
CilengitideIntegrin alpha-V/beta-3 antagonist; Integrin alpha-V/beta-5 antagonistPhase 3
Show all 20
Cintredekin BesudotoxInterleukin 13 receptor binding agent; Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 binding ag…Phase 3
DenifanstatPhase 3
Depatuxizumab MafodotinEpidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 binding agent; Tubulin inhibitorPhase 3
DianhydrogalactitolPhase 3
EdotecarinDNA topoisomerase I inhibitorPhase 3
EnzastaurinProtein kinase C beta inhibitorPhase 3
Enzastaurin HydrochloridePhase 3
GuaninePhase 3
HydroxyureaRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitorPhase 3
Imatinib MesylateTyrosine-protein kinase ABL inhibitor; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta inhib…Phase 3
IodofalanPhase 3
IpilimumabCytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 inhibitorPhase 3
LeflunomideDihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 3
LomustinePhase 3
Early trials · 20
AcalabrutinibTyrosine-protein kinase BTK inhibitorPhase 1/2
Aee-788Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 inhibitor; Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase erbB-2…Phase 1/2
AlectinibALK tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RET inhibitorPhase 1/2
AprepitantNeurokinin 1 receptor antagonistPhase 1/2
AuranofinPhase 1/2
AvutometinibDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor; Dual specificity mi…Phase 1/2
Show all 20
Axl-1717Insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibitorPhase 1/2
BanoxantronePhase 1/2
Berubicin HydrochlorideDNA topoisomerase II inhibitorPhase 1/2
CannabidiolCannabinoid CB1 receptor negative allosteric modulatorPhase 1/2
CapmatinibHepatocyte growth factor receptor inhibitorPhase 1/2
CaptoprilAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorPhase 1/2
CholecalciferolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 1/2
CytarabineDNA polymerase (alpha/delta/epsilon) inhibitorPhase 1/2
DaratumumabLymphocyte differentiation antigen CD38 inhibitorPhase 1/2
DefactinibFocal adhesion kinase 1 inhibitor; Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta inhibitorPhase 1/2
Dfp-13318Phase 1/2
Divalproex SodiumSuccinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 1/2
DronabinolCannabinoid CB1 receptor agonistPhase 1/2
FexagratinibFibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitorPhase 1/2
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Study in Children and Adolescents of 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera®) Combined With the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib fo…NCT06607692 · Phase 1, Phase 2 · 📍 Boadilla del MonteTemporally-Modulated Pulsed Radiation Therapy Versus Standard Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Newly Di…NCT07452458 · Phase 3 · 📍 IrvineChemoradiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy for Elderly and Frail GBM PatientsNCT04765514 · Phase 2 · 📍 CalgaryA Trial of RSC-1255 for Treatment of Patients With Advanced MalignanciesNCT04678648 · Phase 1 · 📍 Los AngelesSonodynamic Therapy in Patients With Recurrent GBMNCT06039709 · Phase 1 · 📍 CharlottesvilleA Phase 2 and Pharmacodynamic Study of Sitagliptin in Patients With Progressive Grade 4 GliomasNCT07003542 · Phase 2 · 📍 ClevelandPredictive Value of Soluble CD146 in Glioblastoma PatientsNCT06001281 · NA · 📍 MarseilleLocoregional Administration of Genetically Engineered Cells (EGFR/IL13Rα2 Pool-CAR T Cells) for the Treatment…NCT07544992 · Phase 1 · 📍 DuarteWindow of Opportunity Study of Lixumistat in Patients With Newly Diagnosed GlioblastomaNCT07884344 · EARLY Phase 1 · 📍 MiamiFeasibility of Intra- and Post-operative Microdialysis During Neurosurgery for Central Nervous System LesionsNCT04047264 · NA · 📍 RochesterDaily Temozolomide for Elderly Patients With Unmethylated MGMT- Promoter Newly Diagnosed GliOblatomaNCT07476794 · Phase 2 · 📍 TorontoIntracranial Genetically Modified Immune Cells (TGFβR2KO/IL13Rα2 CAR T-Cells) for the Treatment of Recurrent …NCT06815029 · Phase 1 · 📍 Duarte Search more trials →
🛡️

AI Cure shows public evidence (Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, openFDA, DepMap, AlphaFold) with its source, and AI summaries that cite it — not medical advice and not a cure. Treatment decisions belong with your doctor. Research ideas are shared only with approved researchers and labs, who can test them. In an emergency call your local emergency number (112 in India and Europe, 911 in the US). AI Cure Terms of Use · Privacy