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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Respiratory or thoracic disease

lung neoplasm

A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the lungs. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenoma, papilloma, chondroma, and endobronchial lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬16501genes / proteins with evidence
💊6drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅1phase 1/2
📈4phase 1
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Understand lung neoplasm

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Lung cancer is cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.

There are two main types: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These two types grow differently and are treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common type.

Who is more likely to develop lung cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Lung Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for lung neoplasm itself.

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AI briefing

Where the science on lung neoplasm stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens lung neoplasm.

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Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.90
KRAS KRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.86
ERBB2 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.84
ALK ALK receptor tyrosine kinasePROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.83
MET MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinasePROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.82
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.82
ROS1 ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.82
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.81
DICER1 dicer 1, ribonuclease IIIPROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.80
RB1 RB transcriptional corepressor 1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.80
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.78
RET ret proto-oncogenePROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.78
ERBB4 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4PROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.77
EML4 EMAP like 4PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.76
KMT2D lysine methyltransferase 2DPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.75

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to lung neoplasm, by how far it has got
Early trials · 5
GadoliniumPhase 1/2
AmifostinePhase 1
CisplatinPhase 1
IndisulamPhase 1
IrinotecanDNA topoisomerase I inhibitorPhase 1
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Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, and Safety of QL2107 Plus Chemo and Compare With Keytruda in Participants With …NCT06754644 · Phase 3 · 📍 JinanPrediction of Outcome to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC)NCT07388771 · n/a · 📍 WuhanIrinotecan Liposome (II) or Etoposide Combined With Adebrelimab and Carboplatin in the Treatment of ES-SCLCNCT06739928 · Phase 2 · 📍 GuangzhouSmall Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers for Immunochemotherapy Efficacy in Extensive-stag…NCT07070011 · n/a · 📍 ShanghaiAn Exploratory Study of Tislelizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Immuno-experienced Patients with EGF…NCT06749886 · Phase 2 · 📍 ShanghaiEpidemiology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Concomitant Primary Lung CancerNCT06775821 · n/a · 📍 KunmingShared Decision Making in Patients With Lung CancerNCT05191485 · n/a · 📍 ChengduA Real World Study of Ensartinib in Advanced ALK-positive NSCLCNCT05498064 · n/a · 📍 BeijingCardiovascular Injury and Cardiac Fitness in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving M…NCT05010109 · NA · 📍 HoustonA Study Comparing Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy and Immuno-consolidationafter Compared With Immunoconsolidat…NCT06424899 · Phase 2 · 📍 HangzhouAdaptive Adjuvant Sintilimab Therapy Guided by MRD (ADAPT Lung)NCT07120698 · Phase 2 · 📍 GuangzhouStudy of RAS(ON) Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced RAS-mutated NSCLCNCT06162221 · Phase 1, Phase 2 · 📍 Gilbert Search more trials →
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