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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Endocrine system disorder

obesity disorder

A disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬10378genes / proteins with evidence
💊354drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅34approved
📈72phase 3
🩸

Understand obesity disorder

Diabetes and metabolism · Sugar that cannot get into cells
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Obesity is a disease that means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. Both terms mean that your weight is greater than what's considered healthy for your height.

Body Mass Index (BMI) measures how much you weigh compared to how tall you are. An adult who has a BMI of 30 or more is considered to have obesity. Severe obesity is having a BMI of 40 or higher. Obesity increases your risk for many other diseases and health problems, especially if the extra body fat is carried around the waist.

What raises your risk of obesity?

From MedlinePlus: Obesity (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🩸 Diabetes and metabolism: In diabetes the body cannot make enough insulin, or cannot use it well, so sugar (glucose) stays too high in the blood instead of feeding the body's cells.

❓ Why it happens

  • Insulin is like a key that opens cells to let sugar in. It is made in the pancreas.
  • Type 1: the immune system destroys the insulin-making cells, so there are almost no keys.
  • Type 2: the cells stop answering insulin well (insulin resistance) and the pancreas cannot keep up. Weight, inactivity, diet, family history and age raise the risk.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Years of high blood sugar damage small and large blood vessels and nerves.
  • That can lead to heart attack and stroke, kidney failure, loss of eyesight, nerve pain and foot ulcers.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Type 1 cannot yet be prevented or reversed; people need insulin every day.
  • Type 2 can be silent for years before it is found.
  • Managing blood sugar is lifelong, and medicines, insulin and monitoring are not easy for everyone to get.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • GLP-1 medicines that lower blood sugar and weight, now also shown to protect the heart and kidneys.
  • A medicine that can delay type 1 diabetes in people at high risk (teplizumab, approved in the US).
  • Replacing insulin-making cells grown from stem cells, in clinical trials.
  • Automated insulin delivery ("artificial pancreas") systems that link a sensor to a pump.

General information about diabetes and metabolism, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for obesity disorder itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on obesity disorder stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens obesity disorder.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
MC4R melanocortin 4 receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.84
GNAS GNAS complex locus🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.82
PCSK1 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.79
LEPR leptin receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.76
POMC proopiomelanocortinantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.75
GIPR gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.74
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptorPROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.74
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.73
LEP leptinantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.72
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenasePROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.70
SIM1 SIM bHLH transcription factor 1🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.67
CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.64
ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
SLC6A3 solute carrier family 6 member 3PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.62
SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.60

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to obesity disorder, by how far it has got
Approved · 20
Amphetamine SulfateDopamine transporter releasing agent; Norepinephrine transporter releasing agentApproved
BenzphetamineNorepinephrine transporter releasing agent; Synaptic vesicular amine transporter inhibitorApproved
Benzphetamine HydrochlorideNorepinephrine transporter releasing agent; Synaptic vesicular amine transporter inhibitorApproved
BupropionDopamine transporter inhibitor; Norepinephrine transporter inhibitorApproved
CathineApproved
CetilistatPancreatic lipase inhibitor; Gastric lipase inhibitorApproved
Show all 20
Choriogonadotropin AlfaLuteinizing hormone/Choriogonadotropin receptor agonistApproved
ClobenzorexApproved
DexfenfluramineSerotonin (5-HT) receptor agonistApproved
DiethylpropionDopamine transporter inhibitor; Norepinephrine transporter inhibitorApproved
Diethylpropion HydrochlorideDopamine transporter inhibitor; Norepinephrine transporter inhibitorApproved
EphedrineAdrenergic receptor agonistApproved
EtilamfetamineApproved
FenfluramineSerotonin 1d (5-HT1d) receptor agonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor agonistApproved
LiraglutideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistApproved
LorcaserinSerotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor agonistApproved
MazindolMonoamine transporter inhibitorApproved
MefenorexApproved
NaltrexoneOpioid receptors; mu/kappa/delta antagonistApproved
OrlistatGastric lipase inhibitor; Pancreatic lipase inhibitorApproved
In phase 2 / 3 · 20
AmitifadineMonoamine transporter inhibitorPhase 3
AnakinraInterleukin-1 receptor antagonistPhase 3
ArmodafinilDopamine transporter inhibitorPhase 3
BeloranibMethionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitorPhase 3
BictegravirHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitorPhase 3
Bifidobacterium Spp.Phase 3
Show all 20
CaffeineAdenosine receptor antagonistPhase 3
CagrilintidePhase 3
Cgp-71683APhase 3
DapiclerminPhase 3
Deoxycholic AcidPhase 3
DexmedetomidineAdrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonistPhase 3
DiazoxidePotassium channel, inwardly rectifying, subfamily J, member 11 opener; Potassium channel,…Phase 3
DoravirineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase negative allosteric modulatorPhase 3
DrospirenoneMineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; Progesterone receptor agonistPhase 3
EcnoglutidePhase 3
EfpeglenatideGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistPhase 3
EloralintidePhase 3
EmpagliflozinSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorPhase 3
EmtricitabineHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorPhase 3
Early trials · 20
Bms-830216Phase 1/2
CabergolineDopamine D2 receptor agonistPhase 1/2
EntacaponeCatechol O-methyltransferase inhibitorPhase 1/2
GalantamineAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorPhase 1/2
GenisteinPhase 1/2
MoxonidineNischarin agonistPhase 1/2
Show all 20
NiacinamidePhase 1/2
PiperinePhase 1/2
PyridoxaminePhase 1/2
Sodium Pentaborate PentahydratePhase 1/2
ThiaminePhase 1/2
AlcoholPhase 1
Azd-7687Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 inhibitorPhase 1
Bardoxolone MethylPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist; Inhibitor of nuclear factor …Phase 1
ClopidogrelPurinergic receptor P2Y12 antagonistPhase 1
ColulintidePhase 1
DexamethasoneGlucocorticoid receptor agonistPhase 1
DirlotapideMicrosomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitorPhase 1
EfpegerglucagonPhase 1
Gdc-0152Phase 1
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