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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Gastrointestinal disease

tongue neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the tongue.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬1553genes / proteins with evidence
💊19drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅1phase 3
📈6phase 2
🧬

Understand tongue neoplasm

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for tongue neoplasm itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on tongue neoplasm stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens tongue neoplasm.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TERT telomerase reverse transcriptasePROTACantibodyothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.33
GBA3 glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.32
TMEM161B transmembrane protein 161BPROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.29
SREK1 splicing regulatory glutamic acid and lysine rich protein 1PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.28
ANO4 anoctamin 4antibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.28
ANKFN1 ankyrin repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
PCDH7 protocadherin 7PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
PSAT1 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
TOP2B DNA topoisomerase II betaPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
DNER delta/notch like EGF repeat containingPROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.27
CPA6 carboxypeptidase A6antibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.25
DNAAF5 dynein axonemal assembly factor 5PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.24
PAMR1 peptidase domain containing associated with muscle regeneration 1antibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.23
STMND1 stathmin domain containing 1🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.21

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

💊

Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to tongue neoplasm, by how far it has got
In phase 2 / 3 · 7
Contusugene LadenovecCellular tumor antigen p53 exogenous genePhase 3
Aminolevulinic AcidPhase 2
CarboplatinPhase 2
FluorouracilThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 2
HydroxyureaRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitorPhase 2
MetronidazolePhase 2
Show all 7
PaclitaxelTubulin inhibitorPhase 2
Early trials · 7
CalcitriolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 1/2
CelecoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorPhase 1/2
EniluracilDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 1/2
CisplatinPhase 1
FluconazoleCytochrome P450 51 inhibitorPhase 1
MogamulizumabC-C chemokine receptor type 4 cross-linking agentPhase 1
Show all 7
NivolumabProgrammed cell death protein 1 inhibitorPhase 1
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Development of Novel Gastric Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Technologies Using Tongue Imaging and Study of To…NCT06078930 · n/a · 📍 HangzhouHigh-Resolution PET-CT Imaging for Surgical Margin VisualizationNCT06915454 · NA · 📍 NashvilleComparing Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy With Standard Neck Dissection for Patients With Early-Stage Oral C…NCT04333537 · Phase 2, Phase 3 · 📍 BirminghamTransoral Robotic Surgery in Treating Patients With Benign or Malignant Tumors of the Head and NeckNCT01473784 · NA · 📍 ColumbusA Study Comparing Personalized Radiation Therapy With Standard Radiation Therapy in People With HPV-Positive …NCT06563479 · Phase 3 · 📍 HartfordWindow Trial of Fluorescently Labeled Panitumumab (Panitumumab-IRDye800) in Head and Neck CancerNCT06819228 · Phase 1 · 📍 NashvilleTongue Proactive Strengthening Exercise Program Following Partial/Hemi Glossectomy and ReconstructionNCT07110142 · NA · 📍 ClevelandDe-escalation of Adjuvant Radiation for Low-Risk HPV Oropharyngeal CancersNCT06554158 · NA · 📍 Washington D.C.Treatment De-Escalation for Favorable Prognosis Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) or p16-Positive Oropharyngeal Can…NCT06902623 · NA · 📍 Washington D.C.Transoral and Cervical Ultrasound of Patients With Suspected Oropharyngeal CancerNCT07548268 · NA · 📍 AarhusA Study Evaluating the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of EVOLVE104 in Participants With Advanced…NCT07217171 · Phase 1 · 📍 DuarteArabic PRO Measures for Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy.NCT06662929 · n/a · 📍 Riyadh Search more trials →
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